In 1943, Warren S. McCulloch and Walter Pitts proposed a new model for representing the nervous system as a network of artificial neurons connected by synapses. The "A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity" follows simple rules for processing input and demonstrates the ability to perform logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. This marked a significant step in artificial intelligence, laying the foundation for the development of artificial neural networks applied…