LISP

In 1958, at MIT, John McCarthy invented the list processing language LISP, which became the language of choice for programming artificial intelligence systems. McCarthy, who coined the term "artificial intelligence" in 1955 for the Dartmouth workshop proposal, developed LISP between 1956 and 1958 while trying to build an algebraic list processing language for AI work on the IBM 704 computer. LISP is the second oldest high level programming language still in active use, after Fortran.

McCarthy's paper Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I…